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Public Health & Policy

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Navigating healthcare priorities in treatable mortality
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2024;11(4):325-326.   Published online December 30, 2024
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Navigating healthcare priorities in treatable mortality
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2024;11(4):325-326.   Published online December 30, 2024
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Celebrating a decade of excellence: the 10th anniversary of Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2024;11(4):323-324.   Published online November 13, 2024
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Celebrating a decade of excellence: the 10th anniversary of Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2024;11(4):323-324.   Published online November 13, 2024
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Study Protocol

Cardiovascular | AI & Digital Health

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ROMIAE (Rule-Out Acute Myocardial Infarction Using Artificial Intelligence Electrocardiogram Analysis) trial study protocol: a prospective multicenter observational study for validation of a deep learning–based 12-lead electrocardiogram analysis model for detecting acute myocardial infarction in patients visiting the emergency department
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2023;10(4):438-445.   Published online November 28, 2023
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ROMIAE (Rule-Out Acute Myocardial Infarction Using Artificial Intelligence Electrocardiogram Analysis) trial study protocol: a prospective multicenter observational study for validation of a deep learning–based 12-lead electrocardiogram analysis model for detecting acute myocardial infarction in patients visiting the emergency department
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2023;10(4):438-445.   Published online November 28, 2023
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Objective
Based on the development of artificial intelligence (AI), an emerging number of methods have achieved outstanding performances in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) using an electrocardiogram (ECG). However, AI-ECG analysis using a multicenter prospective design for detecting AMI has yet to be conducted. This prospective multicenter observational study aims to validate an AI-ECG model for detecting AMI in patients visiting the emergency department.
Methods
Approximately 9,000 adult patients with chest pain and/or equivalent symptoms of AMI will be enrolled in 18 emergency medical centers in Korea. The AI-ECG analysis algorithm we developed and validated will be used in this study. The primary endpoint is the diagnosis of AMI on the day of visiting the emergency center, and the secondary endpoint is a 30-day major adverse cardiac event. From March 2022, patient registration has begun at centers approved by the institutional review board.
Discussion
This is the first prospective study designed to identify the efficacy of an AI-based 12-lead ECG analysis algorithm for diagnosing AMI in emergency departments across multiple centers. This study may provide insights into the utility of deep learning in detecting AMI on electrocardiograms in emergency departments. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05435391. Registered on June 28, 2022.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Accuracy of the large language model ChatGPT in adult emergency department triage: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Shuang Gao, Miao Yu, Yuanyuan Zheng, Mengjie Zhang, Zhennan Yang, Jianxia Zhang
    BMC Emergency Medicine.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Artificial intelligence applied to electrocardiogram to rule out acute myocardial infarction: the ROMIAE multicentre study
    Min Sung Lee, Tae Gun Shin, Youngjoo Lee, Dong Hoon Kim, Sung Hyuk Choi, Hanjin Cho, Mi Jin Lee, Ki Young Jeong, Won Young Kim, Young Gi Min, Chul Han, Jae Chol Yoon, Eujene Jung, Woo Jeong Kim, Chiwon Ahn, Jeong Yeol Seo, Tae Ho Lim, Jae Seong Kim, Jeff
    European Heart Journal.2025; 46(20): 1917.     CrossRef
  • Clinical applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning in neurocardiology: a comprehensive review
    Jade Basem, Racheed Mani, Scott Sun, Kevin Gilotra, Neda Dianati-Maleki, Reza Dashti
    Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Artificial Intelligence Algorithms in Cardiovascular Medicine: An Attainable Promise to Improve Patient Outcomes or an Inaccessible Investment?
    Patrícia Bota, Geerthy Thambiraj, Sandeep C. Bollepalli, Antonis A. Armoundas
    Current Cardiology Reports.2024; 26(12): 1477.     CrossRef
  • 9,045 View
  • 235 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref

Review Article

Critical Care

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Hemodynamic management of septic shock: beyond the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2023;10(3):255-264.   Published online July 13, 2023
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Hemodynamic management of septic shock: beyond the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2023;10(3):255-264.   Published online July 13, 2023
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Although the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines provide standardized and generalized guidance, they are less individualized. This review focuses on recent updates in the hemodynamic management of septic shock. Monitoring and intervention for septic shock should be personalized according to the phase of shock. In the salvage phase, fluid resuscitation and vasopressors should be given to provide life-saving tissue perfusion. During the optimization phase, tissue perfusion should be optimized. In the stabilization and de-escalation phases, minimal fluid infusion and safe fluid removal should be performed, respectively, while preserving organ perfusion. There is controversy surrounding the use of restrictive versus liberal fluid strategies after initial resuscitation. Fluid administration after initial resuscitation should depend upon the patient’s fluid responsiveness and requires individualized management. A number of dynamic tests have been proposed to monitor fluid responsiveness, which can help clinicians decide whether to give fluid or not. The optimal timing for the initiation of vasopressor agents is unknown. Recent data suggest that early vasopressor initiation should be considered. Inotropes can be considered in patients with decreased cardiac contractility associated with impaired tissue perfusion despite adequate volume status and arterial blood pressure. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation should be considered for refractory septic shock with severe cardiac systolic dysfunction.

Citations

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  • Red Blood Cell Transfusion Beyond Restrictive Thresholds in Patients With Septic Shock and an Elevated Lactate Level: A Multicenter Observational Study
    Kyung Hun Yoo, Gil Joon Suh, Woon Yong Kwon, Sung-Hyuk Choi, Sung Phil Chung, Won Young Kim, Kyuseok Kim, Yoo Seok Park, Tae Gun Shin, Byuk Sung Ko, Tae Ho Lim, Yongil Cho
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The impact of ketamine on ICU mortality in patients with sepsis: A retrospective cohort study
    Yifei Liu, Jie Yue, Guangdong Wang, Yuxia Jiang, Aihua Shu
    Journal of Critical Care.2026; 92: 155422.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of prognosis in emergency department elderly septic shock patients with initial hypotension versus delayed hypotension
    Chaeeun Lee, Gil Joon Suh, Sung-Hyuk Choi, Sung Phil Chung, Won Young Kim, Tae Ho Lim, Sangchun Choi, Tae Gun Shin, Sangun Nah, Sangsoo Han
    European Journal of Emergency Medicine.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Urinary biomarkers for diagnosing acute kidney injury in sepsis in the emergency department
    Sumin Baek, Inwon Park, Seonghye Kim, Young Woo Um, Hee Eun Kim, Kyunghoon Lee, Jae Hyuk Lee, You Hwan Jo
    Heliyon.2025; 11(1): e41252.     CrossRef
  • Comparison between norepinephrine plus epinephrine and norepinephrine plus vasopressin after return of spontaneous circulation in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
    Sejoong Ahn, Bo-Yeong Jin, Sukyo Lee, Jong-Hak Park, Hanjin Cho, Sungwoo Moon, Sang Kuk Han, Phil Cho Choi, Young Hwan Lee, Sang O. Park, Jong Seok Lee, Ki Young Jeong, Sung Hyuk Choi, Young Hoon Yoon, Su Jin Kim, Kap Su Han, Min Seob Sim, Gun Tak Lee, Yo
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Using machine learning techniques for early prediction of tracheal intubation in patients with septic shock: a multi-center study in South Korea
    Ji Han Heo, Taegyun Kim, Tae Gun Shin, Gil Joon Suh, Woon Yong Kwon, Hayoung Kim, Heesu Park, Heejun Kim, Sol Han
    Acute and Critical Care.2025; 40(2): 221.     CrossRef
  • Sepsis Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine: Typing Challenges from Clinical Syndromes to Molecular Mechanisms
    硕 盛
    Journal of Clinical Personalized Medicine.2025; 04(03): 259.     CrossRef
  • The evolving landscape of emergency care
    Lewis J. Kaplan
    Current Opinion in Critical Care.2025; 31(3): 235.     CrossRef
  • Prognostic Value of the AST/ALT Ratio in Patients with Septic Shock: A Prospective, Multicenter, Registry-Based Observational Study
    Sungwoo Choi, Sangun Nah, Gil Joon Suh, Sung-Hyuk Choi, Sung Phil Chung, Won Young Kim, Tae Ho Lim, Sangchun Choi, Tae Gun Shin, Sangsoo Han
    Diagnostics.2025; 15(14): 1773.     CrossRef
  • From Fluid Responsiveness to Prognosis: The Emerging Role of Point-of-Care Echocardiography in Sepsis
    Andrea Piccioni, Gloria Rozzi, Giacomo Spaziani, Michela Novelli, Mariella Fuorlo, Marcello Candelli, Giulia Pignataro, Luca Santarelli, Marcello Covino, Antonio Gasbarrini, Francesco Franceschi
    Diagnostics.2025; 15(20): 2612.     CrossRef
  • Impact of diastolic blood pressure time under range on mortality and acute kidney injury in septic patients: a retrospective cohort study
    Jian Zhao, Si Tong Lin, Ai Hua Qin, Cheng Rui Zhou, Xiang Dong Huang, Hua Guo Chen, Shu Qin Zhou, Hu Peng, Yuan Zhuo Chen
    BMC Anesthesiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparison of non-invasive strategies to drive fluid resuscitation in sepsis or septic shock: a meta-analysis of RCTs
    Mara Graziani, Laura Gasperini, Claudia Gasperini, Giorgio Maraziti, Gennaro De Pascale, Cecilia Becattini
    Internal and Emergency Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of Intravenous Push and Piggyback Administration of Ceftriaxone on Mortality in Sepsis
    Sun Young Lim, Sumin Baek, You Hwan Jo, Jae Hyuk Lee, Young Woo Um, Hee Eun Kim, Dongkwan Han
    The Journal of Emergency Medicine.2024; 66(5): e632.     CrossRef
  • Temperature trajectories and mortality in hypothermic sepsis patients
    Dongkwan Han, Seung Hyun Kang, Young Woo Um, Hee Eun Kim, Ji Eun Hwang, Jae Hyuk Lee, You Hwan Jo, Yoon Sun Jung, Hui Jai Lee
    The American Journal of Emergency Medicine.2024; 84: 18.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of Early and Late Norepinephrine Administration in Patients With Septic Shock
    Chiwon Ahn, Gina Yu, Tae Gun Shin, Youngsuk Cho, Sunghoon Park, Gee Young Suh
    CHEST.2024; 166(6): 1417.     CrossRef
  • Removal of circulating mitochondrial N-formyl peptides via immobilized antibody therapy restores sepsis-induced neutrophil dysfunction
    Woon Yong Kwon, Yoon Sun Jung, Gil Joon Suh, Sung Hee Kim, Areum Lee, Jeong Yeon Kim, Hayoung Kim, Heesu Park, Jieun Shin, Taegyun Kim, Kyung Su Kim, Kiyoshi Itagaki, Carl J Hauser
    Journal of Leukocyte Biology.2024; 116(5): 1169.     CrossRef
  • Diagnostic Accuracy of Plasma Renin Concentration and Renin Activity in Predicting Mortality and Kidney Outcomes in Patients With Septic Shock and Hypoperfusion or Hypotension: A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study
    Gun Tak Lee, Byuk Sung Ko, Da Seul Kim, Minha Kim, Jong Eun Park, Sung Yeon Hwang, Daun Jeong, Chi Ryang Chung, Hyunggoo Kang, Jaehoon Oh, Tae Ho Lim, Bora Chae, Won Young Kim, Tae Gun Shin
    Annals of Laboratory Medicine.2024; 44(6): 497.     CrossRef
  • The mortality of patients with sepsis increases in the first month of a new academic year
    Sukyo Lee, Sungjin Kim, Sejoong Ahn, Hanjin Cho, Sungwoo Moon, Young Duck Cho, Jong-Hak Park
    Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine.2024; 11(2): 161.     CrossRef
  • Early Mortality Stratification with Serum Albumin and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score at Emergency Department Admission in Septic Shock Patients
    Sang-Min Kim, Seung-Mok Ryoo, Tae-Gun Shin, You-Hwan Jo, Kyuseok Kim, Tae-Ho Lim, Sung-Phil Chung, Sung-Hyuk Choi, Gil-Joon Suh, Won-Young Kim
    Life.2024; 14(10): 1257.     CrossRef
  • External validation of a modified cardiovascular sequential organ failure assessment score in patients with suspected infection using the MIMIC-IV database
    Sung Yeon Hwang, Inkyu Kim, Byuk Sung Ko, Seung Mok Ryoo, Eunah Han, Hui Jai Lee, Daun Jeong, Tae Gun Shin, Kyuseok Kim, Vipa Thanachartwet
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(11): e0312185.     CrossRef
  • PiCCO or Cardiac Ultrasound? Which Is Better for Hemodynamic Monitoring in ICU?
    Maria Andrei, Nicoleta Alice Dragoescu, Andreea Stanculescu, Luminita Chiutu, Octavian Dragoescu, Octavian Istratoaie
    Medicina.2024; 60(11): 1884.     CrossRef
  • Assessment of organ failure in sepsis patients in the emergency department: clinical evaluation, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and future perspectives
    Tae Gun Shin
    Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine.2024; 11(4): 327.     CrossRef
  • Hemşirelerin Sepsis Farkındalığı ve Sepsis Tanılı Hastalarda Hemşirelik Yönetimi
    Pınar Erman, Güler Balcı Alparslan
    Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Dergisi.2024; 28(3): 213.     CrossRef
  • 37,905 View
  • 7,241 Download
  • 20 Web of Science
  • 23 Crossref

Editorial

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Future of sepsis: perspective on diagnosis
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2022;9(4):269-270.   Published online November 14, 2022
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Future of sepsis: perspective on diagnosis
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2022;9(4):269-270.   Published online November 14, 2022
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Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Enhancing Mitochondrial Function Through Pharmacological Modification: A Novel Approach to Mitochondrial Transplantation in a Sepsis Model
    Bomi Kim, Yun-Seok Kim, Kyuseok Kim
    Biomedicines.2025; 13(4): 934.     CrossRef
  • The usefulness of lactate/albumin ratio, C-reactive protein/albumin ratio, procalcitonin/albumin ratio, SOFA, and qSOFA in predicting the prognosis of patients with sepsis who presented to EDs
    Kyung Hun Yoo, Sung-Hyuk Choi, Gil Joon Suh, Sung Phil Chung, Han Sung Choi, Yoo Seok Park, You Hwan Jo, Tae Gun Shin, Tae Ho Lim, Won Young Kim, Juncheol Lee
    The American Journal of Emergency Medicine.2024; 78: 1.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of Early and Late Norepinephrine Administration in Patients With Septic Shock
    Chiwon Ahn, Gina Yu, Tae Gun Shin, Youngsuk Cho, Sunghoon Park, Gee Young Suh
    CHEST.2024; 166(6): 1417.     CrossRef
  • Assessment of organ failure in sepsis patients in the emergency department: clinical evaluation, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and future perspectives
    Tae Gun Shin
    Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine.2024; 11(4): 327.     CrossRef
  • Prognostic Performance of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III, and Simplified Acute Physiology Score II Scores in Patients with Suspected Infection According to Intensive Care Unit Type
    Sung-Yeon Hwang, In-Kyu Kim, Daun Jeong, Jong-Eun Park, Gun-Tak Lee, Junsang Yoo, Kihwan Choi, Tae-Gun Shin, Kyuseok Kim
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(19): 6402.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Mitochondrial Transplantation on Transcriptomics in a Polymicrobial Sepsis Model
    Seongmin Kim, Ji Heon Noh, Min Ji Lee, Ye Jin Park, Bo Mi Kim, Yun-Seok Kim, Sangik Hwang, Chungoo Park, Kyuseok Kim
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(20): 15326.     CrossRef
  • 5,120 View
  • 236 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref

Study Protocol

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The DEXA-SEPSIS study protocol: a phase II randomized double-blinded controlled trial of the effect of early dexamethasone in high-risk sepsis patients
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2022;9(3):246-252.   Published online September 20, 2022
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The DEXA-SEPSIS study protocol: a phase II randomized double-blinded controlled trial of the effect of early dexamethasone in high-risk sepsis patients
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2022;9(3):246-252.   Published online September 20, 2022
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Objective
Steroids are used in cases of sepsis, especially in patients experiencing septic shock. However, clinical trials to date have reported contradictory results. Different patient endotypes and variations in the type and dose of steroid may be at fault for this discrepancy, and further investigation is warranted. In this paper, we propose a new DEXA-SEPSIS study design.
Methods
We plan to conduct a multicenter, double-blinded randomized pilot study (DEXA-SEPSIS) investigating the feasibility and safety of early use of dexamethasone in sepsis. Participants will be high-risk septic patients presenting to the emergency department with a systolic blood pressure of <90 mmHg or serum lactate level of >2 mmol/L. Participants will be randomized to the following three groups: control, 0.1 mg/kg of dexamethasone, or 0.2 mg/kg of dexamethasone per day for 1 to 2 days. The primary outcome will be 28-day mortality. Secondary outcomes will include time to septic shock, shock reversal, additional steroid administration, number of ventilator-free days, use of continuous renal-replacement therapy, length of stay in the intensive care unit and/or hospital, delta Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score on days 3 and 7, superinfection, gastrointestinal bleeding, hypernatremia, and hyperglycemia.
Discussion
The DEXA-SEPSIS study will provide insight regarding the feasibility and safety of early use of dexamethasone in high-risk sepsis. The results could provide data to design a future phase III study. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05136560

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Sepsis-associated encephalopathy: Unraveling molecular mechanisms, emerging therapeutics, and translational frontiers
    Xinlong Zhang, Kaizong Huang, Zixin Wu, Rui Ding, Junming Han, Yuan Zhang, Yaping Lu, Yingmei Lu, Yanna Si
    Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2026; 278: 108971.     CrossRef
  • Corticosteroids for treating sepsis in children and adults
    Djillali Annane, Josef Briegel, David Granton, Eric Bellissant, Pierre Edouard Bollaert, Didier Keh, Yizhak Kupfer, Romain Pirracchio, Bram Rochwerg
    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Dysregulated dendritic cells in sepsis: functional impairment and regulated cell death
    Li-yu Zheng, Yu Duan, Peng-yi He, Meng-yao Wu, Shu-ting Wei, Xiao-hui Du, Ren-qi Yao, Yong-ming Yao
    Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effects of NF-κB Inhibitor on Sepsis Depend on the Severity and Phase of the Animal Sepsis Model
    Ye Jin Park, Jinkun Bae, Jae-Kwang Yoo, So-Hee Ahn, Seon Young Park, Yun-Seok Kim, Min Ji Lee, Seon Young Moon, Tae Nyoung Chung, Chulhee Choi, Kyuseok Kim
    Journal of Personalized Medicine.2024; 14(6): 645.     CrossRef
  • High expression of L-GILZ transcript variant 1 (GILZ TV 1) is associated with increased 30-day sepsis mortality, and a high expression ratio possibly contraindicates hydrocortisone administration
    Stefan Rusev, Patrick Thon, Birte Dyck, Dominik Ziehe, Tim Rahmel, Britta Marko, Lars Palmowski, Hartmuth Nowak, Björn Ellger, Ulrich Limper, Elke Schwier, Dietrich Henzler, Stefan Felix Ehrentraut, Lars Bergmann, Matthias Unterberg, Michael Adamzik, Björ
    Critical Care.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 7,880 View
  • 215 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 5 Crossref

Original Articles

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Quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment score is not sensitive enough to predict 28-day mortality in emergency department patients with sepsis: a retrospective review
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2019;6(1):77-83.   Published online March 28, 2019
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Quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment score is not sensitive enough to predict 28-day mortality in emergency department patients with sepsis: a retrospective review
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2019;6(1):77-83.   Published online March 28, 2019
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Objective
To test the hypothesis that the quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score, derived from vital signs taken during triage and recommended by current sepsis guidelines for screening patients with infections for organ dysfunction, is not sensitive enough to predict the risk of mortality in emergency department (ED) sepsis patients.
Methods
Patients diagnosed with severe sepsis and septic shock using the old definition between May 2014 and April 2015 were retrospectively reviewed in three urban tertiary hospital EDs. The sensitivities of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria, qSOFA, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores ≥2 were compared using McNemar’s test. Diagnostic performances were evaluated using specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value.
Results
Among the 928 patients diagnosed with severe sepsis or septic shock using the old definition, 231 (24.9%) died within 28 days. More than half of the sepsis patients (493/928, 53.1%) and more than one-third of the mortality cases (88/231, 38.1%) had a qSOFA score <2. The sensitivity of a qSOFA score ≥2 was 61.9%, which was significantly lower than the sensitivity of SIRS ≥2 (82.7%, P<0.001) and SOFA ≥2 (99.1%, P<0.001). The specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of a qSOFA score ≥2 for 28-day mortality were 58.1%, 32.9%, and 82.2%, respectively.
Conclusion
The current clinical criteria of the qSOFA are less sensitive than the SIRS assessment and SOFA to predict 28-day mortality in ED patients with sepsis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Assessment of the performance of early warning scores in patients with COVID-19
    Victoria Castilho Bartolomeu, Luiz Humberto Vieri Piacezzi, Karina Aparecida Lopes da Costa, Ruth Ester Assayag Batista, Cássia Regina Vancini Campanharo, Maria Carolina Barbosa Teixeira Lopes
    Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Evaluación del desempeño de puntajes de alerta temprana en pacientes con COVID-19
    Victoria Castilho Bartolomeu, Luiz Humberto Vieri Piacezzi, Karina Aparecida Lopes da Costa, Ruth Ester Assayag Batista, Cássia Regina Vancini Campanharo, Maria Carolina Barbosa Teixeira Lopes
    Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Avaliação do desempenho dos escores de alerta precoce em pacientes com COVID-19
    Victoria Castilho Bartolomeu, Luiz Humberto Vieri Piacezzi, Karina Aparecida Lopes da Costa, Ruth Ester Assayag Batista, Cássia Regina Vancini Campanharo, Maria Carolina Barbosa Teixeira Lopes
    Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • C-reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio as a Predictive Inflammatory Marker for Postoperative Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and/or Sepsis in Polytraumatized Patients in ICU
    Ahmed S Salem, Mohamed A Zaghloul, Alfred M Boctor, Mohamed Maher Abd Elfattah, Oliver M Shehata
    Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine.2025; 29(12): 1002.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of early warning and sepsis scores for mortality prediction in patients with suspected infection admitted to medical intensive care units
    Batuhan Başpınar, Efe Cem Erdat, Ebru Ersoy Ortaç, Arzu Topeli
    Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine.2024; 7(1): 73.     CrossRef
  • Corticosteroid sensitivity detection in sepsis patients using a personalized data mining approach: A clinical investigation
    Rahma Hellali, Zaineb Chelly Dagdia, Ahmed Ktaish, Karine Zeitouni, Djillali Annane
    Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine.2024; 245: 108017.     CrossRef
  • Navigating the Complexity of Scoring Systems in Sepsis Management: A Comprehensive Review
    Venkat Reddy, Harshitha Reddy, Rinkle Gemnani, Sunil Kumar, Sourya Acharya
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Performance of point‐of‐care severity scores to predict prognosis in patients admitted through the emergency department with COVID‐19
    Priya A. Prasad, Jessica Correia, Margaret C. Fang, Arielle Fisher, Mick Correll, Sandra Oreper, Andrew Auerbach
    Journal of Hospital Medicine.2023; 18(5): 413.     CrossRef
  • End-to-End Sepsis Solution Incorporating Expert Telemedicine Consultation
    David F. Gaieski, Brendan Carr, Melanie Toolan, Kim Ciotti, Amy Kidane, Joseph Christina, Rajesh Aggarwal
    Telemedicine and e-Health.2023; 29(11): 1679.     CrossRef
  • SIRS, SOFA, qSOFA, and NEWS in the diagnosis of sepsis and prediction of adverse outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Xia Qiu, Yu-Peng Lei, Rui-Xi Zhou
    Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy.2023; 21(8): 891.     CrossRef
  • Using qSOFA and SIRS scores in predicting the outcomes of patients with sepsis in Emergency Department of Menoufia University Hospitals
    Athar Fekry Lasheen, Tarek Mohey Rageh, Mahmoud Magdy Al-Abassy, Ahmed Ragab Abdo Selima
    The Egyptian Journal of Surgery.2023; 42(3): 801.     CrossRef
  • A comparison of qSOFA, SIRS and NEWS in predicting the accuracy of mortality in patients with suspected sepsis: A meta-analysis
    Can Wang, Rufu Xu, Yuerong Zeng, Yu Zhao, Xuelian Hu, Ali Rostami
    PLOS ONE.2022; 17(4): e0266755.     CrossRef
  • A quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment–negative result at triage is associated with low compliance with sepsis bundles: a retrospective analysis of a multicenter prospective registry
    Heesu Park, Tae Gun Shin, Won Young Kim, You Hwan Jo, Yoon Jung Hwang, Sung-Hyuk Choi, Tae Ho Lim, Kap Su Han, Jonghwan Shin, Gil Joon Suh, Gu Hyun Kang, Kyung Su Kim
    Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine.2022; 9(2): 84.     CrossRef
  • Serum total carbon dioxide as a prognostic factor for 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis
    Jin Hee Kim, Dong-Hyun Jang, You Hwan Jo, Gil Joon Suh, Woon Yong Kwon, Jae Hyuk Lee, Jonghwan Shin, Inwon Park, Che Uk Lee, Sang-Min Lee
    The American Journal of Emergency Medicine.2021; 44: 277.     CrossRef
  • Identifying the Sickest During Triage: Using Point‐of‐Care Severity Scores to Predict Prognosis in Emergency Department Patients With Suspected Sepsis
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Epidemiology of sepsis in Korea: a population-based study of incidence, mortality, cost and risk factors for death in sepsis
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2019;6(1):49-63.   Published online February 20, 2019
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Epidemiology of sepsis in Korea: a population-based study of incidence, mortality, cost and risk factors for death in sepsis
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2019;6(1):49-63.   Published online February 20, 2019
Close
Objective
To investigate the epidemiology of sepsis in Korea and identify risk factors for death in sepsis.
Methods
We conducted a longitudinal, population-based epidemiological study of sepsis in Korea from 2005 to 2012 using the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort, a population-based cohort representing 2.2% of the Korean population. The primary objective was to assess the incidence, mortality and cost of sepsis. The secondary objective was to identify the risk factors for death in sepsis. Claim records of admitted adult patients (aged ≥15 years) were analyzed. Sepsis was defined as 1) bacterial or fungal infection or the conditions they often complicate, 2) prescription of intravenous antibiotics, and 3) presence of any organ dysfunction. Comorbidities were defined using the Charlson/Deyo method. Risk factors for 6-month mortality were assessed using multivariable logistic regression.
Results
A total of 22,882 cases were identified. Both incidence and 6-month mortality increased from 265.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 254.7 to 277.1) to 453.1 (95% CI, 439.0 to 467.5) per 100,000 person-years (P-trend <0.001) and from 26.5% (95% CI, 24.4% to 28.8%) to 30.1% (95% CI, 28.4% to 31.9%), respectively. After standardization, the increasing trend of incidence was slower but still significant (P-trend <0.001), while that for mortality was not (P-trend 0.883). The average cost increased by 75.5% (P-trend <0.001). Multivariable logistic regression identified various risk factors for mortality.
Conclusion
The burden of sepsis in Korea was high and is expected to increase considering the aging population. Proactive measures to curtail this increase should be sought and implemented.

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Resuscitation

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Korean Cardiac Arrest Research Consortium (KoCARC): rationale, development, and implementation
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2018;5(3):165-176.   Published online September 30, 2018
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Korean Cardiac Arrest Research Consortium (KoCARC): rationale, development, and implementation
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2018;5(3):165-176.   Published online September 30, 2018
Close
Objective
This study aimed to describe the conceptualization, development, and implementation processes of the newly established Korean Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation Consortium (KoCARC) to improve out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) outcomes.
Methods
The KoCARC was established in 2014 by recruiting hospitals willing to participate voluntarily. To enhance professionalism in research, seven research committees, the Epidemiology and Preventive Research Committee, Community Resuscitation Research Committee, Emergency Medical System Resuscitation Research Committee, Hospital Resuscitation Research Committee, Hypothermia and Postresuscitation Care Research Committee, Cardiac Care Resuscitation Committee, and Pediatric Resuscitation Research Committee, were organized under a steering committee. The KoCARC registry was developed with variables incorporated in the currently existing regional OHCA registries and Utstein templates and were collected via a web-based electronic database system. The KoCARC study population comprises patients visiting the participating hospitals who had been treated by the emergency medical system for OHCA presumed to have a cardiac etiology.
Results
A total of 62 hospitals volunteered to participate in the KoCARC, which captures 33.0% of the study population in Korea. Web-based data collection started in October 2015, and to date (December 2016), there were 3,187 cases compiled in the registry collected from 32 hospitals.
Conclusion
The KoCARC is a self-funded, voluntary, hospital-based collaborative research network providing high level evidence in the field of OHCA and resuscitation. This paper will serve as a reference for subsequent KoCARC manuscripts and for data elements collected in the study.

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Study protocol

Cardiovascular

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SEALONE (Safety and Efficacy of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography with Low Dose in Patients Visiting Emergency Room) trial: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2017;4(4):208-213.   Published online December 30, 2017
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SEALONE (Safety and Efficacy of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography with Low Dose in Patients Visiting Emergency Room) trial: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2017;4(4):208-213.   Published online December 30, 2017
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Objective
Chest pain is one of the most common complaints in the emergency department (ED). Cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is a frequently used tool for the early triage of patients with low- to intermediate-risk acute chest pain. We present a study protocol for a multicenter prospective randomized controlled clinical trial testing the hypothesis that a low-dose CCTA protocol using prospective electrocardiogram (ECG)-triggering and limited-scan range can provide sufficient diagnostic safety for early triage of patients with acute chest pain.
Methods
The trial will include 681 younger adult (aged 20 to 55) patients visiting EDs of three academic hospitals for acute chest pain or equivalent symptoms who require further evaluation to rule out acute coronary syndrome. Participants will be randomly allocated to either low-dose or conventional CCTA protocol at a 2:1 ratio. The low-dose group will undergo CCTA with prospective ECG-triggering and restricted scan range from sub-carina to heart base. The conventional protocol group will undergo CCTA with retrospective ECG-gating covering the entire chest. Patient disposition is determined based on computed tomography findings and clinical progression and all patients are followed for a month. The primary objective is to prove that the chance of experiencing any hard event within 30 days after a negative low-dose CCTA is less than 1%. The secondary objectives are comparisons of the amount of radiation exposure, ED length of stay and overall cost.
Results
and Conclusion Our low-dose protocol is readily applicable to current multi-detector computed tomography devices. If this study proves its safety and efficacy, dose-reduction without purchasing of expensive newer devices would be possible.
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Original Articles

Critical Care

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Korean Shock Society septic shock registry: a preliminary report
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2017;4(3):146-153.   Published online September 30, 2017
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Korean Shock Society septic shock registry: a preliminary report
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2017;4(3):146-153.   Published online September 30, 2017
Close
Objective
To evaluate the clinical characteristics, therapeutic interventions, and outcomes of patients with septic shock admitted to the emergency department (ED). Methods This study was a preliminary, descriptive analysis of a prospective, multi-center, observational registry of the EDs of 10 hospitals participating in the Korean Shock Society. Patients aged 19 years or older who had a suspected or confirmed infection and evidence of refractory hypotension or hypoperfusion were included. Results A total of 468 patients were enrolled (median age, 71.3 years; male, 55.1%; refractory hypotension, 82.9%; hyperlactatemia without hypotension, 17.1%). Respiratory infection was the most common source of infection (31.0%). The median Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment score was 7.5. The sepsis bundle compliance was 91.2% for lactate measurement, 70.3% for blood culture, 68.4% for antibiotic administration, 80.3% for fluid resuscitation, 97.8% for vasopressor application, 68.0% for central venous pressure measurement, 22.0% for central venous oxygen saturation measurement, and 59.2% for repeated lactate measurement. Among patients who underwent interventions for source control (n=117, 25.1%), 43 (36.8%) received interventions within 12 hours of ED arrival. The in-hospital, 28-day, and 90-day mortality rates were 22.9%, 21.8%, and 27.1%, respectively. The median ED and hospital lengths of stay were 6.8 hours and 12 days, respectively. Conclusion This preliminary report revealed a mortality of over 20% in patients with septic shock, which suggests that there are areas for improvement in terms of the quality of initial resuscitation and outcomes of septic shock patients in the ED.

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Pulmonary | Clinical Laboratory

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The clinical significance of changes in red blood cell distribution width in patients with community-acquired pneumonia
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2016;3(3):139-147.   Published online September 30, 2016
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The clinical significance of changes in red blood cell distribution width in patients with community-acquired pneumonia
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2016;3(3):139-147.   Published online September 30, 2016
Close
Objective
Red cell distribution width (RDW) is associated with mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). However, little is known about the effect of changes in RDW during treatment on mortality. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the association between RDW changes and mortality in hospitalized patients with CAP.
Methods
Retrospective analyses were performed using medical records of patients hospitalized for CAP from April 2008 to February 2014. The abstracted laboratory values included RDW (from days one to four), clinical variables, and pneumonia severity index (PSI) scores. The ΔRDWn-1 was defined as the change in RDW calculated as: (RDWday1-RDWday-n)/RDWday1×100 (%), where ‘day n’ refers to hospital day.
Results
During the study period, a total of 1,069 patients were hospitalized for CAP. The 30-day mortality was 100/1,069 (9.4%). The median RDW at baseline was 14.1% (range, 11.1 to 30.2) and differed significantly between survivors and non-survivors (P<0.05). There were 470 patients with available serial RDW data (30-day mortality 58/470 [12.3%]). Of those, age, PSI score, blood urea nitrogen level, total protein concentration, albumin level, RDW at day 1, and the ΔRDW4-1 differed significantly between survivors and non-survivors. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the significance of the relationship between ΔRDW4-1 and 30-day mortality risk remained after adjusting for age, PSI score, RDW at day 1, total protein concentration, and initial albumin level.
Conclusion
RDW change from day 1 to day 4 was an independent predictor of mortality in patients with CAP.

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Case Report

Gastrointestinal

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Use of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in a patient with gastrointestinal bleeding
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2016;3(1):55-58.   Published online March 31, 2016
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Use of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in a patient with gastrointestinal bleeding
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2016;3(1):55-58.   Published online March 31, 2016
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Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) was developed for controlling intra-abdominal arterial bleeding before definitive bleeding control, and is commonly used in patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. Although there is limited evidence for other uses of REBOA, we used REBOA in a patient with massive gastrointestinal bleeding. A 53-year-old man with hematochezia was admitted to our emergency department with an initial systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 83 mmHg. His SBP decreased to 40 mmHg in 10 minutes despite rapid fluid infusion. We decided to resuscitate the patient with REBOA in the emergency department and then move him to an intervention room after stabilization. After aortic occlusion, SBP abruptly increased from 57 to 108 mmHg, and the patient could be transferred to an intervention room. The patient was admitted to intensive care, but died of massive rebleeding 24 hours after admission to the emergency department.

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Original Articles

Imaging

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Change in guardians’ preference for computed tomography after explanation by emergency physicians in pediatric head injury
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2015;2(4):226-235.   Published online December 28, 2015
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Change in guardians’ preference for computed tomography after explanation by emergency physicians in pediatric head injury
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2015;2(4):226-235.   Published online December 28, 2015
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Objective
Head injury in children is a common problem presenting to emergency departments, and cranial computed tomography scanning is the diagnostic standard for these patients. Several decision rules are used to determine whether computed tomography scans should be used; however, the use of computed tomography scans is often influenced by guardians’ preference toward the scans. The objective of this study was to identify changes in guardian preference for minor head injuries after receiving an explanation based on the institutional clinical practice guideline.
Methods
A survey was conducted between July 2010 and June 2012. Patients younger than 16 years with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15 after a head injury and their guardians were included. Pre- and post-explanation questionnaires were given to guardians to assess their preference for computed tomography scans and factors related to the degree of preference. Treating physicians explained the risks and benefits of cranial computed tomography scanning using the institutional clinical practice guideline. Guardian preference for a computed tomography scan was examined using a 100-mm visual analog scale.
Results
In total, 208 patients and their guardians were included in this survey. Guardian preference for computed tomography scans was significantly reduced after explanation (46.7 vs. 17.4, P<0.01). Pre-explanation preference and the strength of the physician recommendation to get a computed tomography were the most important factors affecting pre- and post-explanation changes in preferences.
Conclusion
Explanation of the risks and benefits of cranial computed tomography scans using the institutional clinical practice guideline may significantly reduce guardian preference for computed tomography scans.

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    Jennifer R. Marin, Todd W. Lyons, Ilene Claudius, Mary E. Fallat, Michael Aquino, Timothy Ruttan, Reza J. Daugherty
    Journal of the American College of Radiology.2024; 21(7): e37.     CrossRef
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    Pediatrics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Jung Heon Kim
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    Pediatric Emergency Care.2020; 36(5): e280.     CrossRef
  • Risk Stratification of Intermediate-Risk Children With Minor Head Injury
    Yura Ko, Ji Sook Lee, Minjung Kathy Chae, Jung Hwan Ahn, Hyuk-Hoon Kim, Eun Jung Park, Jung Heon Kim
    Pediatric Emergency Care.2020; 36(11): e659.     CrossRef
  • Is cranial computed tomography unnecessary in children with a head injury and isolated vomiting?
    Simon Hardman, Ola Rominiyi, David King, Edward Snelson
    BMJ.2019; : l1875.     CrossRef
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Perception of radiation dose and potential risks of computed tomography in emergency department medical personnel
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2015;2(2):123-129.   Published online June 30, 2015
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Perception of radiation dose and potential risks of computed tomography in emergency department medical personnel
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2015;2(2):123-129.   Published online June 30, 2015
Close
Objective
The overall use of Computed Tomography (CT) continues to grow inside the hospital. Despite CT imaging is a valuable diagnostic technique, the relatively high radiation doses associated with CT compared with conventional radiography have raised health concerns such as future cancer risk. We investigated the awareness level concerning radiation dose and possible risks associated with CT scans in medical personnel (MP).
Methods
and materials: This study was conducted from April to May 2012. Physicians and nurses who worked in emergency department of 17 training hospitals were enrolled in the survey. The questionnaire included the degree of CT scan or radiography affecting health using a 10 numerical rating scale, estimation of the radiation dose for the CT scan compared with one chest radiograph, and the perception of the increased lifetime cancer risk of CT scan.
Results
A total of 354 MP participated in this study. They included 142 nurses, 87 interns, 86 residents, and 39 specialists. Interns were less aware of CT scan or radiography affecting health than other physicians or nurses (4.8±2.7 vs. 5.9±2.7 vs. 6.1±2.7 vs. 6.0±2.2, interns vs. residents vs. faculties vs. nurses, respectively. mean (SD). p < 0.05). There was significant difference in the knowledge about the relative radiation dose of the CT scan for one chest radiograph between doctors and nurses (48.6% vs. 28.9%, doctors vs. nurses, p < 0.05). MPs perceived increased cancer risk from radiation of CT scan.
Conclusions
Medical personnels perceived the radiation risk associated with CT scan, but seems to be insufficient.

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    Journal of Clinical Urology.2021; 14(6): 475.     CrossRef
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  • 102 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
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