Objective Since onsite education is difficult due to the COVID-19 pandemic, official development assistance (ODA) projects have implemented online training of trainers (ToT) for emergency medical experts and staff. This study aims to share and discuss the ToT experience and its results in Uzbekistan.
Methods We trained emergency medical advanced course instructors through online ToT among emergency medical service experts in Uzbekistan as a part of an ODA project. After the ToT, instructors were selected based on written tests, video monitoring of practice, and simulation performance. They operated the emergency medical course including lectures, practices, and simulations for 5 days. We tested the trainees through written tests before and after the course. They were surveyed regarding the course contents, its relevance, and their satisfaction with the course.
Results Six instructors were selected after the online ToT program. They educated 68 emergency medical workers through the three training courses. The total score of the pretest was 129.2±34.8, and the posttest score was 170.8±31.2, which was significantly higher (P<0.05). The satisfaction calculated by adding the values of survey items for this curriculum was 28.0 (interquartile range, 26.0–30.0), and there was no statistical difference regarding trainee satisfaction between the three courses (P=0.148).
Conclusion Instructors trained by online ToT programs could provide an in-person emergency medical advanced course.
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Emergency Medicine Practice and Administration | Epidemiology
Objective We aimed to investigate the characteristics of frequent emergency department (ED) users in Korea.
Methods We analyzed the Korea Health Panel Study data of a sampled population from the 2005 Population Census of Korea data, and adults (age ≥18 years) who visited the ED at least once a year between 2014 and 2017 were included in the study. People who visited three or more times a year were classified as frequent users. We compared demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related factors between nonfrequent and frequent users. We used a multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine factors related to frequent ED visits. We also compared the characteristics of ED use in both nonfrequent and frequent users.
Results A total of 5,090 panels were included, comprising 6,853 visits. Frequent users were 333 (6.5% of all panels), and their ED visits were 1,364 (19.9% of all ED visits). In the multivariable regression analysis, medical aid coverage (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] of the National Health Service coverage, 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40–0.75), unemployment (aOR of employment, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.56–0.91), prior ward admission in a year (aOR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.67–2.75), and frequent outpatient department use (aOR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.35–2.20) were associated with frequent use. Moreover, frequent users visited the ED of public hospitals more often than than nonfrequent users (19.2% vs. 9.8%). Medical problems rather than injury/poisoning were the more common reasons for visiting the ED (84.5% vs. 71.2%).
Conclusion We found that frequent ED users were likely to be those with socioeconomic disadvantage or with high demand for medical service. Based on this study, further studies on interventions to reduce frequent ED use are required for better ED services.
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O perfil do usuário frequente de um Serviço de Urgência Polivalente: uma realidade arquipelágica Alexandra Torres de Medeiros, José Luís Santos Picanço, Nuno Miguel Faria Araújo Cogitare Enfermagem.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Objective Smart glasses can provide sonographers with real-time ultrasound images. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the utility of smart-glasses for ultrasound-guided peripheral venous access.
Methods In this randomized, crossover-design, simulation study, 12 participants were recruited from the emergency department residents at a university hospital. Each participant attempted ultrasound-guided peripheral venous access on a pediatric phantom at intervals of 5 days with (glasses group) or without (non-glasses group) the use of smart glasses. In the glasses group, participants confirmed the ultrasound image through the lens of the smart glasses. In the non-glasses group, participants confirmed the ultrasound image through the display viewer located next to the phantom. Procedure time was regarded as the primary outcome, while secondary outcomes included the number of head movements for the participant, number of skin punctures, number of needle redirections, and subjective difficulty.
Results No significant differences in procedural time were observed between the groups (non-glasses group: median time, 15.5 seconds; interquartile range [IQR], 10.3 to 27.3 seconds; glasses group: median time, 19.0 seconds; IQR, 14.3 to 39.3 seconds; P=0.58). The number of head movements was lower in the glasses group than in the non-glasses group (glasses group: median, 0; IQR, 0 to 0; non-glasses group: median, 4; IQR, 3 to 5; P<0.01). No significant differences in the number of skin punctures or needle restrictions were observed between the groups.
Conclusion Our results indicate that smart-glasses may aid in ensuring ultrasound-guided peripheral venous access by reducing head movements.
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Use of smart glasses for ultrasound-guided radial arterial catheterisation in obese patients: study protocol for a single-centre randomised clinical trial in China Yuwen Wang, Qiang Yu, Tingting Xue, Enqiang Guo, Yun Wu BMJ Open.2026; 16(2): e111115. CrossRef
Looking through the crystal ball feasibility of tele-echocardiography using smart glasses in neonates: a pilot study A. Michaelis, M. Weidenbach, I. Altmann, F. Markel, F. Löffelbein, I. Dähnert, R.A. Gebauer, C. Paech Cardiology in the Young.2025; 35(1): 87. CrossRef
A Mixed Reality–Based Telesupervised Ultrasound Education Platform on 5G Network Compared to Direct Supervision: Prospective Randomized Pilot Trial Minha Kim, Meong Hi Son, Suhyeon Moon, Won Chul Cha, Ik Joon Jo, Hee Yoon JMIR Serious Games.2025; 13: e63448. CrossRef
Use of smart glasses imaging for interscalene brachial plexus block: a randomised clinical trial Ping Liu, Jiaqi Qiu, Furui Wang, Rui Li, Ye Zhang, Yun Wu, Lingling Jiang British Journal of Anaesthesia.2025; 135(4): 1067. CrossRef
Effectiveness of head-mounted ultrasound display for radial arterial catheterisation in paediatric patients by anaesthesiology trainees Jin-Tae Kim, Jung-Bin Park, Pyoyoon Kang, Sang-Hwan Ji, Eun-Hee Kim, Ji-Hyun Lee, Hee-Soo Kim, Young-Eun Jang. European Journal of Anaesthesiology.2024; 41(7): 522. CrossRef
Augmented reality for point-of-care ultrasound-guided vascular access in pediatric patients using Microsoft HoloLens 2: a preliminary evaluation Gesiren Zhang, Trong N. Nguyen, Hadi Fooladi-Talari, Tyler Salvador, Kia Thomas, Daragh Crowley, R. Scott Dingeman, Raj Shekhar Journal of Medical Imaging.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The effect of smart glasses combined with ultrasound on radial arterial catheterization: a randomized controlled trial Yan Wang, Mingjing Chen, Ting Zou, Yan Weng, Wenjie Mao, Qing Zhong, Haibo Song BMC Anesthesiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Laser guidance for ultrasound-guided radial artery catheterization using smart glasses: a randomized trial Yoon Jung Kim, Chul-Woo Jung, Seungeun Choi, Youngwon Kim, Jeoung-Hwa Seo Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie.2023; 70(10): 1635. CrossRef
Smart Glasses to Facilitate Ultrasound Guided Peripheral Intravenous Access in the Simulation Setting for Thai Emergency Medical Service Providers Kamonwon Ienghong, Lap Woon Cheung, Pornpawit Wongwan, Korakot Apiratwarakul Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.2023; Volume 16: 2201. CrossRef
Assessing the Effect of Augmented Reality on Procedural Outcomes During Ultrasound-Guided Vascular Access Michele S. Saruwatari, Trong N. Nguyen, Hadi Fooladi Talari, Andrew J. Matisoff, Karun V. Sharma, Kelsey G. Donoho, Sonali Basu, Pallavi Dwivedi, James E. Bost, Raj Shekhar Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology.2023; 49(11): 2346. CrossRef
Smart Glasses for Radial Arterial Catheterization in Pediatric Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial Young-Eun Jang, Sung-Ae Cho, Sang-Hwan Ji, Eun-Hee Kim, Ji-Hyun Lee, Hee-Soo Kim, Jin-Tae Kim Anesthesiology.2021; 135(4): 612. CrossRef
Smart glasses display device for fluoroscopically guided minimally invasive spinal instrumentation surgery: a preliminary study Keitaro Matsukawa, Yoshiyuki Yato Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine.2021; 34(1): 150. CrossRef
Objective We aimed to investigate the factors related to satisfaction with the pediatric emergency department service in Korea.
Methods This study examined data from the Korea Health Panel Data from 2010 to 2012. Pediatric patients who visited the emergency department at least once between 2010 and 2012 in Korea were included. Data were collected on patient satisfaction with the emergency department service, and factors related to the patient characteristics, emergency department service process, and medical institution. We compared the dissatisfied and satisfied groups, and calculated the odds ratios for satisfaction according to each variable.
Results A total of 1,505 emergency department visits from 947 pediatric patients during the 3-year period were analyzed. We estimated that about 79.5% of patients in the population were satisfied. The odds of expressing satisfaction were higher among males than in females, and among patients who were hospitalized after emergency department treatment compared to those who were transferred to another hospital. Conversely, the odds of expressing satisfaction were lower among patients who had a chronic disease, a financial source other than National Health Insurance, experienced hospitalization within 1 year.
Conclusion Our study results might be helpful for establishing a satisfactory pediatric emergency medical service system. In the future, further prospective studies evaluating the causal relationships between the relevant factors and patient satisfaction are warranted.
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Predictors of Caregiver Satisfaction With Pediatric Laceration Repair in the Pediatric Emergency Department Soyun Hwang, Jin Hee Lee, Young Ho Kwak, Do Kyun Kim, Jin Hee Jung, Jae Yun Jung, Hyuksool Kwon, Dongbum Suh, Yoo Jin Choi, Se Uk Lee, Joong Wan Park Pediatric Emergency Care.2023; 39(5): 324. CrossRef
Status and trends of medical expenditures for poisoning patients Eung Nam Kim, Soyoung Jeon, Hye Sun Lee, Sung Phil Chung Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology.2023; 21(1): 24. CrossRef
Effect of usual source of care on receiving smoking cessation advice: Korean National Health Panel data analysis Sollip Kim, Hye Kyeong Park, Jae Ho Lee, Hong-Jun Cho, Nak Jin Sung Family Practice.2021; 38(3): 218. CrossRef
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Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a compressive device in controlling hemorrhage following radial artery catheterization.
Methods A prospective randomized trial was conducted on subjects receiving the standard taping method (group S) compared to a compressive device method (group C) after removal of the cannula in radial artery catheterization. Primary outcomes were the success rate of hemostasis and complication rate after cannula removal. Secondary outcomes were the cost of compression and the level of convenience.
Results A total of 250 subjects were enrolled in this study. Hemostasis after removal was successful in 122 of 125 (97.6%) subjects in group S and 116 of 125 (92.8%) subjects in group C (P=0.18). Complication rates in group S and group C were 55.2% (69/125) and 48% (60/125), respectively (P=0.35). The cost of compression for group C (approximately 6,740 Korean won) was approximately two times cheaper than for group S (approximately 14,140 Korean won). The level of convenience was significantly higher in group C than in group S (7.4±2.1 vs. 3.7±1.9,
p < 0.001).
Conclusion These findings suggest that hemostasis using a compressive device may be a suitable alternative method to the standard taping method in controlling hemorrhage following radial artery cannulation.
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Manual Radial Artery Compression After Transradial Coronary Procedures: Is It Safe to Go Bare-Handed? Dimitrios Petroglou, Matthaios Didagelos, Stelina Alkagiet, Michael Koutouzis, Haralambos Karvounis, Olivier F. Bertrand, Antonios Ziakas Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine.2020; 21(7): 912. CrossRef
Benefits of pressure-controlled hemostasis for transradial vascular access: a randomized controlled trial Ki-Sul Chang, Byung-Sik Kim, Jinho Shin, Young-Hyo Lim, Jeong-Hun Shin, Yonggu Lee, Kyung-Soo Kim Minerva Cardioangiologica.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Manual Versus Mechanical Compression of the Radial Artery After Transradial Coronary Angiography Dimitrios Petroglou, Matthaios Didagelos, Georgios Chalikias, Dimitrios Tziakas, Grigorios Tsigkas, Georgios Hahalis, Michael Koutouzis, Antonios Ntatsios, Ioannis Tsiafoutis, Michael Hamilos, Antonios Kouparanis, Nikolaos Konstantinidis, Georgios Sofidis JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions.2018; 11(11): 1050. CrossRef
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