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"Knowledge"

Review Article

Emergency Medical Services

Public awareness of medical emergency telephone numbers: a scoping review
Alexei A. Birkun
Clin Exp Emerg Med 2026;13(1):28-36.   Published online January 14, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15441/ceem.24.289

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Public awareness of medical emergency telephone numbers: a scoping review
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2026;13(1):28-36.   Published online January 14, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15441/ceem.24.289
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Public awareness of medical emergency telephone numbers: a scoping review
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2026;13(1):28-36.   Published online January 14, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15441/ceem.24.289
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Prompt activation of emergency medical services (EMS) constitutes the fundamental component of bystander response to time-dependent health crises. A clear understanding of the public ability to access EMS can help to guide interventions aimed at enhancing community preparedness for emergencies. This review was conducted to summarize studies that examined public knowledge of emergency phone numbers. This scoping review encompassed articles published since 2004 that reported the proportion of subjects who knew emergency phone numbers. Data sources included PubMed, Google Scholar, and references of included articles. Relevant data from eligible publications were extracted manually to an author-developed data-charting sheet and analyzed descriptively. Forty-eight articles were analyzed. Reported studies, mostly cross-sectional surveys, were conducted in 26 countries, including 16 high-income, 9 middle-income, and 1 low-income country. The percentage of subjects who knew emergency numbers varied from 0% to 97.8% (median, 64.3%; interquartile range [IQR], 32.8%–80.0%). For high-income countries, the median was significantly higher than for low- and middle-income nations (69.6% [IQR, 54.1%–84.2%] vs. 34.6% [IQR, 19.4%–61.5%], P=0.003). The studies were generally inconsistent regarding the association of subjects’ sociodemographic factors with knowledge of emergency numbers, suggesting the existence of geography-specific patterns. Available studies observed low community knowledge of emergency numbers, especially in low- and middle-income countries, and suggest that the problem has a global scale. Further research efforts are required to determine the best strategies for enhancing the public ability to access EMS.
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Original Articles

Trauma

Factors associated with parental knowledge and attitudes toward pediatric concussions in Korea
DongWon Son, Ki Ok Ahn, Hang A Park, Ju Ok Park
Clin Exp Emerg Med 2024;11(4):372-378.   Published online March 15, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15441/ceem.23.155

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Factors associated with parental knowledge and attitudes toward pediatric concussions in Korea
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2024;11(4):372-378.   Published online March 15, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15441/ceem.23.155
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Factors associated with parental knowledge and attitudes toward pediatric concussions in Korea
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2024;11(4):372-378.   Published online March 15, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15441/ceem.23.155
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Objective
This study investigated the status and evaluated factors associated with knowledge and attitudes regarding pediatric concussions among Korean parents of children aged 6 to 18 years. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was employed to collect data from a panel of parents in Korea in 2023. To assess knowledge and attitudes regarding concussions, participants completed a validated questionnaire. The outcome variables of total knowledge score (range, 0–30) and total attitude score (range, 7–49) were categorized into tertiles. We conducted multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses with participants and their children based on demographic information and characteristics as covariates. Results A total of 260 parents responded to the survey and demonstrated moderate concussion-related knowledge (median total score, 21; interquartile range [IQR], 18–22.5). The respondents exhibited favorable attitudes toward concussions (median total score, 39; IQR, 34–43), except the attitude of the importance of reporting concussion. Multivariable ordinal regression analysis for outcomes revealed only career of healthcare provider (adjusted odds ratio, 3.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.13–8.75) to be associated with parental concussion-related knowledge. No factors exhibited a significant association with parental attitudes toward concussions. Conclusion Our results confirmed the knowledge-attitude gap regarding pediatric concussions among Korean parents. Effective strategies are warranted to improve parental knowledge and attitudes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Evaluation of the information fidelity of discharge instructions for pediatric patients with mild traumatic brain injury in emergency departments
    Ji Na Yang, Ki Ok Ahn, Hang A Park
    Pediatric Emergency Medicine Journal.2026; 13(1): 45.     CrossRef
  • Traumatic brain injury from diaper change-related falls in children younger than 3 years: an evaluation of South Korean national emergency department registry data
    Minha Kim, Sejin Heo, Seung Jin Maeng, Taerim Kim, Hansol Chang, Se Uk Lee, Sung Yeon Hwang, Won Chul Cha, Hee Yoon
    BMC Pediatrics.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 4,355 View
  • 60 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref

Emergency Medical Services | Critical Care

Emergency medical service personnel need to improve knowledge and attitude regarding prehospital sepsis care
Joongmin Park, Sung Yeon Hwang, Tae Gun Shin, Ik Joon Jo, Hee Yoon, Tae Rim Lee, Won Chul Cha, Min Seob Sim
Clin Exp Emerg Med 2017;4(1):48-55.   Published online March 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15441/ceem.16.159

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Emergency medical service personnel need to improve knowledge and attitude regarding prehospital sepsis care
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2017;4(1):48-55.   Published online March 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15441/ceem.16.159
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Emergency medical service personnel need to improve knowledge and attitude regarding prehospital sepsis care
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2017;4(1):48-55.   Published online March 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15441/ceem.16.159
Close
Objective
We aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of emergency medical service (EMS) personnel pertaining to sepsis. We also compared EMS personnel’s knowledge of sepsis and their intention to engage in prehospital sepsis management.
Methods
The survey was conducted during education conferences for EMS personnel in December 2013 and January 2015 in Seoul, Korea. The questionnaire composed of 10 questions relevant to sepsis, was distributed on-scene, and was retrieved by investigators after the conference. We classified subjects into active and passive groups based on intent to participate in prehospital sepsis care.
Results
A total of 271 questionnaires were distributed; 255 EMS personnel (94%) completed the survey, 126 (49%) of whom were first-degree emergency medical technicians (EMTs). Less than 75% of subjects provided clinically relevant responses to questions about the definitions of sepsis, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension, hypothermia, fluid resuscitation, and vasopressor. Only 15% of participants had suspected that a patient had sepsis, and 9% reported that they could identify patients with sepsis during transportation. Overall, first-degree EMTs showed higher levels of knowledge and a positive attitude to sepsis compared with non-first-degree EMTs. Sixty percent of the participants reported that they were actively involved in prehospital sepsis care. The active group showed significantly higher levels of knowledge and more positive responses to the clinical impact of prehospital sepsis care.
Conclusion
Our study showed that is a substantial portion of EMS personnel lacks appropriate level of knowledge on sepsis care. We also found that the intention to engage in sepsis management was associated with appropriate knowledge of sepsis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Barriers and facilitators to optimal sepsis care – a systematized review of healthcare professionals’ perspectives
    Lea Draeger, Carolin Fleischmann-Struzek, Sabine Gehrke-Beck, Christoph Heintze, Daniel O. Thomas-Rueddel, Konrad Schmidt
    BMC Health Services Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prehospital fluid therapy in patients with suspected infection: a survey of ambulance personnel’s practice
    Marie Egebjerg Jensen, Arne Sylvester Jensen, Carsten Meilandt, Kristian Winther Jørgensen, Ulla Væggemose, Allan Bach, Hans Kirkegaard, Marie Kristine Jessen
    Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prehospital delay is an important risk factor for mortality in community-acquired bloodstream infection (CA-BSI): a matched case–control study
    Martin Holmbom, Maria Andersson, Sören Berg, Dan Eklund, Pernilla Sobczynski, Daniel Wilhelms, Anna Moberg, Mats Fredrikson, Åse Östholm Balkhed, Håkan Hanberger
    BMJ Open.2021; 11(11): e052582.     CrossRef
  • The Knowledge of Nursing Internship Program Students about Early Detection of Sepsis
    Stefani Stefani, Yanny Trisyani, Anita Setyawati
    Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences.2021; 9(T6): 116.     CrossRef
  • Knowledge of sepsis risk and management among dental professionals in Wales: a service evaluation
    Stephen Woolley, Mick Allen, Renata Medeiros Mirra
    British Dental Journal.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prehospital sepsis alert notification decreases time to initiation of CMS sepsis core measures
    Christopher L. Hunter, Salvatore Silvestri, Amanda Stone, Anne Shaughnessy, Stacie Miller, Alexa Rodriguez, Linda Papa
    The American Journal of Emergency Medicine.2019; 37(1): 114.     CrossRef
  • Emergency medical service providers' knowledge and perception of sepsis at Makkah Saudi Red Crescent Authority
    BassamHassan Basaffar, NasserSafar Aloitibi, RashedMohammad Alzahrani, OmarOsama Felimban, KhalidSafir Algethami, AbdullahHamdan Alshehri
    Saudi Critical Care Journal.2019; 3(2): 85.     CrossRef
  • 11,674 View
  • 156 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref

Toxicology

Accuracy of tablet counts estimated by members of the public and healthcare professionals
Hyun-Sik Choi, Yoon Hee Choi
Clin Exp Emerg Med 2015;2(3):168-173.   Published online September 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15441/ceem.14.056

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Accuracy of tablet counts estimated by members of the public and healthcare professionals
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2015;2(3):168-173.   Published online September 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15441/ceem.14.056
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Accuracy of tablet counts estimated by members of the public and healthcare professionals
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2015;2(3):168-173.   Published online September 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15441/ceem.14.056
Close
Objective
Intentional and accidental drug intoxication is commonly seen in the emergency department. When treating intoxicated patients, accessing the amount of the ingested drug is crucial albeit often difficult. We investigated the accuracy of estimating tablet counts when participants were asked to hold tablets in their fists and hands (semi-quantitative terms).
Methods
The widths and lengths of the participants’ hands were measured. Then, the subjects were asked to hold 5-mm round, 10-mm round, 10-mm oval, and 15-mm elliptical tablets using their hands and fists and to estimate the number of tablets they were holding. Differences between the estimated and actual numbers of tablets were examined.
Results
A total of 47 members of the public and 32 healthcare professionals were included in our study. In our analyses of the differences between the actual and estimated amounts of tablets held in the participants’ hands and fists, we found that the actual amount was higher than the estimated amount for all tablet types and in both groups. When participants held the tablets in the same manner (handful or fistful), the differences between the actual and estimated amounts were greater for 5- than 15-mm-sized tablets (P<0.05).
Conclusion
The treatment of patients presenting with drug overdoses to the emergency department should be based on the assumption that the actual amount of drugs the patients ingested is likely greater than the amount the patients state.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Oral potassium poisoning: a retrospective review of the National Poison Data System 2010–2021
    Rita Farah, Joseph E. Carpenter, Brent W. Morgan
    Clinical Toxicology.2024; 62(1): 46.     CrossRef
  • 22,328 View
  • 80 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref

Critical Care

Awareness and knowledge of sepsis in the general Korean population: comparison with the awareness and knowledge of acute myocardial infarction and stroke
Minji Park, Kyuseok Kim, Jae Hyuk Lee, Changwoo Kang, You Hwan Jo, Dong Hoon Kim, Kyeong Won Kang, Soo Hoon Lee, Chanjong Park, Joonghee Kim, Heajin Chung, Hyunmi Park, Sujin Jang
Clin Exp Emerg Med 2014;1(1):41-48.   Published online September 30, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15441/ceem.14.014

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Awareness and knowledge of sepsis in the general Korean population: comparison with the awareness and knowledge of acute myocardial infarction and stroke
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2014;1(1):41-48.   Published online September 30, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15441/ceem.14.014
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Awareness and knowledge of sepsis in the general Korean population: comparison with the awareness and knowledge of acute myocardial infarction and stroke
Clin Exp Emerg Med. 2014;1(1):41-48.   Published online September 30, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15441/ceem.14.014
Close
Objective

Patients with severe sepsis or septic shock require timely, aggressive management to improve their outcomes, and early presentation of patients to the hospital may also be important. Thus, public awareness about sepsis may be important for improved outcomes. However, there are no studies regarding the public awareness of sepsis in the general Korean population. Therefore, the objective of this survey was to gain insight into the public awareness of sepsis.

 Methods

Prospective paper-based and web-based surveys were issued between May and June 2013 to adults aged ≥18 years.

 Results

A total of 1,081 participants responded to the survey (394 paper-based and 687 web-based). Mean age was 38.7±11.4 years, and 541 participants (50%) were men. Of the 1,081 participants, 831 (76.9%) had heard of the term “sepsis.” Of these participants, only 295 (35%) responded correctly regarding the definition of sepsis. However, 1,019 participants (94.3%) had heard of acute myocardial infarction, and 817 of these (80%) correctly defined acute myocardial infarction. Regarding stroke, 1,047 (96.9%) had heard of stroke, and 975 of these responded (93.1%) correctly to the definition of stroke.

 Conclusion

There is poor public awareness about sepsis compared with that of acute myocardial infarction and stroke. This may limit the timely management of severe sepsis and septic shock.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • The Role of Perceived Urgency and Barriers in Using Emergency Medical Care for Sepsis: A German-Wide, Representative Survey Using Case Vignettes
    Sebastian Born, Norman Rose, Silke Piedmont, Daniel Schwarzkopf, Mathias W. Pletz, Wiltrud Abels, Konrad Reinhart, Carolin Fleischmann-Struzek
    Critical Care Medicine.2026; 54(2): 291.     CrossRef
  • Public knoweldge of sepsis in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
    Kadejh Abdulrahman Bashekah, Alla Hussain Felemban, Lubna Abdulrahman Hafiz, Abdulrahman Mauafaq Aljifri, Dalal Nasser Gaith Alsharif, Abdulaziz Ahmad Albarakati, Hind Mauafaq Aljifri, Sarah Mauafaq Aljifri, Hind Abdullah Ebrahim Abdullah, Hanan Ali Zurba
    Medicine.2025; 104(22): e42643.     CrossRef
  • Sepsis incidence, suspicion, prediction and mortality in emergency medical services: a cohort study related to the current international sepsis guideline
    Silke Piedmont, Ludwig Goldhahn, Enno Swart, Bernt-Peter Robra, Carolin Fleischmann-Struzek, Rajan Somasundaram, Wolfgang Bauer
    Infection.2024; 52(4): 1325.     CrossRef
  • Most patients with an increased risk for sepsis-related morbidity or death do not recognize sepsis as a medical emergency: results of a survey study using case vignettes
    Sebastian Born, Carolin Fleischmann-Struzek, Wiltrud Abels, Silke Piedmont, Edmund Neugebauer, Konrad Reinhart, Evjenia Toubekis, Odette Wegwarth, Daniel Schwarzkopf
    Critical Care.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Assessing Awareness and Actions Must Be Taken in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Cross-Sectional Study on the General Population in Alahssa, Saudi Arabia
    Abdullah Almaqhawi, Abdullah Alkhalaf, Mohammed Al Qadhib, Ali M Alhashim, Norah S Alsaad, Mshari S Alqahtani, Mohammed Alqahtani, Osama F Alamri, Fatimah Buali, Ibraheem Alhusain
    Cureus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Text-Based vs. Graphical Information Formats in Sepsis Prevention and Early Detection: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Informed Choice
    Luka Johanna Debbeler, Anne Pohrt, Carolin Fleischmann-Struzek, Daniel Schwarzkopf, Sebastian Born, Konrad Reinhart, Odette Wegwarth
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(13): 3659.     CrossRef
  • Public awareness and knowledge of sepsis: a cross-sectional survey of adults in Canada
    Jeanna Parsons Leigh, Rebecca Brundin-Mather, Stephana Julia Moss, Angie Nickel, Ariana Parolini, Deirdre Walsh, Blair L. Bigham, Alix J. E. Carter, Alison Fox-Robichaud, Kirsten M. Fiest
    Critical Care.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Public Awareness of Sepsis Compared to Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Questionnaire Study
    Nourah Al-Orainan, Adel Mohamed EL-Shabasy, Khawlah Alamin Al-Shanqiti, Rawan Awad Al-Harbi, Hadeel Rajeh Alnashri, Raghad Ahmed Rezqallah, Alanoud Abdallah Mirghani
    Interactive Journal of Medical Research.2020; 9(2): e16195.     CrossRef
  • Korean Registry for Improving Sepsis Survival (KISS): Protocol for a Multicenter Cohort of Adult Patients with Sepsis or Septic Shock
    Jong Hun Kim, Nam Su Ku, Youn Jeong Kim, Hong Bin Kim, Hyeri Seok, Dong-Gun Lee, Jin Seo Lee, Su Jin Jeong, Jung-Hyun Choi, Jang Wook Sohn, Min Ja Kim, Dae Won Park
    Infection & Chemotherapy.2020; 52(1): 31.     CrossRef
  • Level of Knowledge on Stroke and Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study at Primary Health Care Centers in Morocco
    Ahmed Kharbach, Majdouline Obtel, Abderrahmane Achbani, Youssef Bouchriti, Kenza Hassouni, Laila Lahlou, Rachid Razine
    Annals of Global Health.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Development of questionnaire on awareness and action towards symptoms and risk factors of heart attack and stroke among a Malaysian population
    Abdullah Abdulmajid Abdo Ahmed, Abdulkareem Mohammed AL-Shami, Shazia Jamshed, Abdul Rahman Fata Nahas
    BMC Public Health.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Determinants of sepsis knowledge: a representative survey of the elderly population in Germany
    Sarah Eitze, Carolin Fleischmann-Struzek, Cornelia Betsch, Konrad Reinhart
    Critical Care.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Assessment of the general public's knowledge of stroke: A cross-sectional study in Yaoundé, Cameroon
    Jobert Richie Nansseu, Cedric Paterson Atangana, Saint-Just N. Petnga, Joseph Kamtchum-Tatuene, Jean Jacques Noubiap
    Journal of the Neurological Sciences.2017; 378: 123.     CrossRef
  • Public Awareness of Sepsis Is Low in Sweden
    Lisa Mellhammar, Bertil Christensson, Adam Linder
    Open Forum Infectious Diseases.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 17,094 View
  • 166 Download
  • 14 Web of Science
  • 14 Crossref
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CEEM : Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine